Trade Law Master Book – India 2025

Trade Law Master Book – India 2025

PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF INDIAN TRADE LAW

1. Constitution of India – Trade-Related Provisions

  • Article 19(1)(g): Right to trade, profession or business
  • Article 301–307: Freedom of trade and commerce within India

2. Indian Contract Act, 1872

  • Legal enforceability of trade agreements
  • Offer, acceptance, consideration, breach & remedies

3. Sale of Goods Act, 1930

  • Governs trade in movable goods
  • Rights and duties of buyers and sellers

4. Partnership Act, 1932 & LLP Act, 2008

  • Business structure for joint trade
  • Formation, profit-sharing, dissolution rules

5. Companies Act, 2013

  • Registration of companies involved in trading
  • Corporate governance, audit, director roles

PART II: DOMESTIC TRADE REGULATIONS

6. Shops and Establishments Acts (State-wise)

  • Trade licensing, employee welfare, holidays

7. Legal Metrology Act, 2009

  • Trade in packaged goods – MRP, weight, labeling

8. Consumer Protection Act, 2019

  • Rights of consumers in trade
  • Redressal mechanisms, unfair trade practices

9. Competition Act, 2002

  • Anti-monopoly, cartelization, pricing practices

10. Essential Commodities Act, 1955

  • Government control over trade of essential goods

11. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940

  • Regulates pharma/health-related trade

12. Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSAI), 2006

  • Trade in food products, compliance, testing, packaging

PART III: TAXATION LAWS IMPACTING TRADE

13. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Acts, 2017

  • Central & State GST on trade of goods/services
  • Input credit, returns, registration thresholds

14. Income Tax Act, 1961

  • Profits from trade as taxable income

15. Customs Act, 1962

  • Import-export regulations, duties

PART IV: FOREIGN TRADE LAWS

16. Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992

  • Governs imports and exports

17. FTP (Foreign Trade Policy) 2023–28

  • Incentives under MEIS, SEIS, RoDTEP, EPCG

18. FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act), 1999

  • Forex rules, cross-border trade payments

19. Anti-dumping and Safeguard Measures (DGTR Rules)

20. WTO/TRIPS Compatibility Regulations

PART V: E-COMMERCE & DIGITAL TRADE LAWS

21. Information Technology Act, 2000

  • Legal recognition of digital trade & contracts

22. Draft E-commerce Policy (2023)

  • Data protection, marketplace models, platform neutrality

23. Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020

  • Seller transparency, reviews, return/refund compliance

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